Basic and extended level: what you actually have to sit
A modern foreign language is compulsory at the matura, and for the overwhelming majority of students in Poland that language is English. In practice it means two compulsory pieces: a written paper at basic level (poziom podstawowy) and an oral exam, plus, for most people, a written paper at extended level (poziom rozszerzony), because every candidate has to sit at least one additional subject at extended level and English is the most common choice. Exact rules, timings and thresholds are set by CKE and can change from year to year, so treat what follows as the shape of the exam and confirm the details in the informator for your year.
The written basic-level paper is built from four parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, a language-in-use section testing grammar and vocabulary in context, and a written task. It runs for about two hours. There is a pass threshold on compulsory subjects, so the basic paper is the one you have to clear rather than merely attend, and for a student who has kept up with school English the marks are usually lost in the language-in-use section and the writing, not in listening or reading.
The extended paper covers the same four areas with harder material: faster and less forgiving listening, longer and more abstract reading texts, a tighter language-in-use section, and a substantially longer piece of writing in which structure, register and range of language all count. It runs longer, roughly two and a half hours. Because it is an additional subject there is no pass threshold, only a percentage result, and that percentage is what universities use for recruitment points, which is exactly why it is worth preparing seriously rather than turning up.
The oral exam is the part students most often ignore and most often regret. It takes about fifteen minutes and is built from three tasks: a role-play conversation with the examiner, a description of a picture followed by questions about it, and a longer statement based on stimulus material, again followed by questions. It is graded on communication as well as accuracy, so hesitating, going silent or answering a question you were not asked costs more than an imperfect tense. It is also the only part of the exam that cannot be practised silently, which is where a 1-on-1 tutor is hardest to replace.
- Compulsory: the basic-level written paper and the oral exam.